De Morgan's law: is ¬(p∧q) ⊨ ¬p∨¬q valid?
¬(p ∧ q) does not say which conjunct fails, only that they cannot both hold — which is exactly ¬p ∨ ¬q. Denying a conjunction spreads the negation.
Valid
¬(p∧q) ⊨ ¬p∨¬qEvery branch of the tableau closes, so nothing makes the premises true and the conclusion false at once.
Proof (semantic tableau)
- 1True: ¬(p∧q)premise
- 2False: ¬p∨¬qnegated conclusion
- 3False: p∧qfrom line 1
- 4False: ¬pfrom line 2
- 5False: ¬qfrom line 2
- 6True: pfrom line 4
- 7True: qfrom line 5
- 8False: pfrom line 3
Branch closed: line 8 contradicts line 6.
- 9False: qfrom line 3
Branch closed: line 9 contradicts line 7.
closed branch